1804 - 1805
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During the exploration of the Lousiana Territory, Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark recommended the establishment of military fortifications at critical Missouri
and Mississippi River junctures to maintain peace and protect trade with the
American Indians. Among the sites recommended was St. Anthony Falls.
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Sept 1805
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Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated a treaty with the Dakota tribe, granting
the U.S. government 100,000 acres at the confluence of the Mississippi and St.
Peters (Minnesota) Rivers.
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Aug 1819
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The first fort was constructed. The first commander, Lieutenant Colonel Henry
Leavenworth, chose the low ground on the right (south) bank of the mouth of
the St. Peters River as the site for a temporary quarters. The location,
however, soon proved to be unhealthy.
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1820
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Fearing spring floods and more disease, Lt. Colonel Leavenworth moved his troops
to high ground near a spring a mile up the west bank of the Mississippi River -
this became Camp Coldwater. During the summer, Colonel Josiah Snelling became
the new commander of the regiment. Under his energetic directrion, a new stone
fort was constructed atop the bluff on the west bank of the confluence of the
St. Peters and Mississippi Rivers. The new post was given the name Fort St.
Anthony the following year.
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1825
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Construction of the new post was completed. The following year, in recognition
of his considerable achievement, the War Department officially changed the name
of the site to Fort Snelling.
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1828 - 1829
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Zachary Taylor commands the fort. Lt. Colonel Taylor later becomes the 12th
president of the United States. One of Taylor's daughters elopes with Lieutenant
Jefferson Davis, reportedly marrying him in the fort's block house. Jefferson
Davis later becomes president of the Confederacy.
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1836 - 1837 & 1838 - 1840
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Dred Scott lives at Fort Snelling as a slave of Dr. Emerson. Mr. Scott later
sues for his freedom in Scott vs. Sandford, carrying the case to the Supreme
Court in 1857. The case helped widen the rift between North and South, leading
to the Civil War in 1861.
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1849
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The Minnesota Territory was formed with Saint Paul as its political center.
As the western frontier became ever more remote, Fort Snelling became more of
a tourist attraction than a military necessity.
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1858
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Fort Snelling and eight thousand surrounding acres were sold under dubious
circumstances to Franklin Steele, a former sutler, for $90,000. Following the
sale, the fort was abandoned by the military and was primarily used to pen sheep.
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1861 - 1865
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The outbreak of the Civil War and the U.S.-Dakota Conflict prompted the
reactivation of the fort. Several hundred Dakota die on Pike Island below
the fort when approximately 1600 elderly people, women, and children are
incarcerated there in the winter of 1862 – 1863.
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1866
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The Army decided to retain the post for use as a headquarters for the Department
of the Dakotas.
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1879
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At the recommendation of Alfred H. Terry, to provide better accomodations for
the officers and men of the Department of the Dakotas, work began on 30 new
buildings. Headquarters, officers quarters, and support facilities are
constructed.
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1889
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New brick infantry barracks were built.
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1903 - 1907
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New barracks, officers quarters, stables, warehouses, artillery sheds, and
workshops were constructed. The enlarged post was now at its fullest development.
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1917 - 1918
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As a site for the training of officers, over 2,500 junior grade officers graduate
from the post. Late in 1918 most of the site was designated as U.S. General
Hospital Twenty-nine to treat convalescent wounded.
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1918 - 1939
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The fort became known as the 'Country Club of the Army.' A golf course, officers'
club, streetcars to both Minneapolis and St. Paul, military shows, polo games,
demonstrations by the trick horse 'Whisky', and the largest game preserve of
a U.S. military installation make it a popular post for soldiers.
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1938
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The Work Progress Administration reconstructed portions of the post at a cost
of $500,000. Among other things, they built garages, sidewalks, sewer lines,
and remodeled porches.
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1940
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The Selective Service Act led to the opening of a Recruiting and Induction
Station and a Reception Center. Over 600,000 soldiers were processed here
during the Second World War.
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1944
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A Military Intelligence Service Language School was established at the post.
Over 6,000 linguists, mostly Nisei (Japanese-American) graduated.
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1946
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Fort Snelling was decommissioned following the end of WWII. The site was turned
over to the Veteran's Administration.
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1960
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Fort Snelling, including the Upper Bluff, was designated a National Landmark.
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1961
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Fort Snelling State Park was established.
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Oct, 1966
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Upper Bluff area was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Oct, 1969
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Historic Fort Snelling and the Chapel were deeded to the State of Minnesota.
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1971
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The U.S. Department of the Interior conveyed 141 acres of surplus Federal property
known as the Upper Bluff area to the MnDNR exclusively for public park and
recreational purposes in perpetuity. The quitclaim deed included restrictions
that require the property to be developed and used according to the Program
of Utilization submitted by the MnDNR as part of its application to acquire
the property. The MnDNR incorporated the Upper Bluff area into Fort Snelling
State Park.
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1976
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The State designates the Mississippi River and its adjacent corridor within
the metropolitan area a Critical Area.
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May, 1977
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An Act for Fort Snelling Officer's Row was signed, authorizing commissioner of
administration to lease/sell buildings and adjacent land.
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Sept, 1977
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A Request for Proposal was released to obtain a concessionaire for Officer's
Row buildings in September.
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1979
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The 1971 Utilization Plan was amended to allow for a concession for the golf
course and proposed rehabilitation of Officer's Row and Area J. A concession
agreement was signed with the Officer's Row Corporation to operate the golf
course and Officer's Row.
The Mississippi River Critical Area is permanently designated.
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1988
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Congress designates the Mississppi River and recreational Area a unit for the
national park system.
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Aug, 1991
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Authority for continued military occupation of Area J was extended for 4 years,
then in 1995 for an additional 3 years.
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Sept, 1991
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The Officer's Row Corporation's concession agreement was terminated by the
Executive Council. The MnDNR issued a Request for Proposal for a new
concessionaire for the golf course and Officer's Row buildings.
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1992
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Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board became the concessionaire for the golf
course and polo grounds.
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1995
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The Comprehensive Management Plan for the Mississippi National River and
Recreation Area is approved.
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1997
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The Department of the Army vacated Area J.
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Nov, 1997
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The reuse study for the Upper Bluff area formally began with the convening of
a consultation team.
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Oct, 1998
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The Fort Snelling State Park Upper Bluff Reuse Study was completed and printed
for distribution.
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2001
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The Fort Snelling polo fields and parade grounds are converted to baseball and
soccer fields.
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2005
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The Preservation Alliance of Minnesota
lists the post as one of the 10 most endangered places.
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2006
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An update of the Reuse Study is initiated by
Hennepin County. It includes an evaluation of the buildings and a new cost
analysis.
The National Trust for Historic
Preservation lists Fort Snelling Upper Post as one of the 11 most endangered places.
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2006 - 2007
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This site is conceived and created.
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2008
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Landscape study is completed. Mothballing of the buildings continues in an
effort to buy time until development issues are worked out.
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